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MILITARY HISTORY (U.S. & WORLD)

WORLD MILITARY HISTORY

 General

Internet History Sourcebooks Project , Paul Halsall, editor  (Fordham University. History Department [New York, NY])
        While not strictly devoted to military history, this is the main site for connections to a series of well-organized, substantive geographic, chronological, and thematic guides to history on the Internet. It includes the:

³Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
³Internet Medieval History Sourcebook
³Internet Modern History Sourcebook

³Internet African History Sourcebook
³Internet East Asian History Sourcebook
³Internet Global History Sourcebook
³Internet Indian History Sourcebook
³Internet Islamic History Sourcebook
³Internet Jewish History Sourcebook
³Internet History of Science Sourcebook
³Internet Women's History Sourcebook
³Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans History [Sourcebook]

           ³Travelers' Accounts       ³Legal History:  Ancient and Medieval  (Legal Texts)

           ³Ancient History in the Movies    ³Medieval History in the Movies    ³Modern  History in the Movies

ª "Historical Studies Websites":

³Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet    
³Medieval New York (a guide to things medieval, in Manhattan)

ª "Comprehensive Bibliography", e.g.:    ³Saints Lives   

ª Course Pages", developed for several courses on aspects of medieval history and culture, & 2 seminars (all for the University of North Florida), a Chinese Studies Course (Brooklyn College) and a Shaping of the Modern World Course (Brooklyn College).  All the mentioned guides are a click away from the home page.  Also provided is a handy site search engine.

War (Wikipedia) 

        General overview of the subject, with links on many themes.

List of Wars (Wikipedia)

        The list may be viewed by county, date, region, or type of conflict.  There are also a variety of thematic and other related  links at this site, including comparable lists, on other themes, e.g., battles.

MHI Digital Library Chronological List  (U.S.  Army.  Military History Institute [Carlisle Barracks, PA].)
        A great place to browse. Needs to be seen to be believed. Here are period documents (check the publication dates), standard reference works (e.g. Dyer's Compendium, Heitman's Historical Register, Livermore's Numbers & Losses in the Civil War, Index to the Journal of the Military Service Institution, Statistical Summary of the War with Germany [1919, the Army Handbook on German Forces), interviews with generals (e.g. Lucius Clay, Henry Aurand), campaign and battlefield tours (staff ride reports, e.g. Cowpens, Yorktown, Nuuanu [Hawaii], Jena-Auerstadt [former East Germany], Tippecanoe, Gettysburg, the Atlanta & Virginia campaigns, a 1907 British tour, Tunisia, Korea), inventories of collections deposited with the Institute (e.g. Nelson A. Miles), accounts of foreign military campaigns, often by participants (e.g. the 1941 Balkans campaign by " a German general"; the Australian Cavalry in the Boer War), after-action and lessons-learned reports, army regulations, handbooks, manuals, topical pamphlets and more. You'll find not only Eisenhower's D-Day pamphlet to the troops, but Pershing's report on his "Punitive Expedition" against Pancho Villa, as well as his Final Report on U.S. participation in WWI.  Notes on Operations in Nicaragua by Captain Matthew Ridgway, October 1928, the Japanese plan for defense of the home island of Kyushu, and the American plan to invade it (Operation Olympic) are here, as well as a fair amount on the Vietnam War, and a report on military police operations in the first Gulf War.  These, and much more, are in full-text facsimile, requiring some time to load and view (as some files are enormous).  Some timely items range from memos and notes, to pamphlets, books and series of books. Early world military history, prior to the American Revolution is not yet covered, though there are subject headings representing them.  The Institute does have considerable material covering earlier periods (see, e.g., their Reference Bibliographies). What is provided, in quantity, are a wealth of primary documents in their keeping, many of signal historic significance, most never before so easily viewed by the public, historians, researchers, reporters, students, teachers, and librarians. You may also view the list alphabetically.

Military History Encyclopedia on the Web  (History of War.org) 

            A searchable encyclopedia, with "915 articles, 179 pictures, 190 maps", biographies, a blog, historical documents, a timeline, clickable list of battles (A-Z), a history of military technology section, book reviews, their top ten films, thematic and conceptual links, country links, quizzes, links related to associations and to commercial sites (caveat emptor), and more.   

Military History Podcast, created by George Hageman  (Military History Podcast, sponsored by Armchair General and International Research and Publishing Corp.) 

            Well worth a listen, presents digital audio accounts on interesting themes in military history.

U.S. Army. Center of Military History Homepage  (The Center. [Washington, D.C.])
        Deceptively appears pictorially-oriented, fairly void of information.  But, look closely at the left-hand column. (A) Online Bookshelves leads to:  (1) Books and Research Materials (Organized by Time Period), which in turn leads to digitized books and pamphlets, usually full-text, generally illustrated, often with maps charts, and tables, ranging from the colonial era to the war on terrorism; (2) Army Regulations; (3) Series and Collections, which includes significant digitized series of books, pamphlets, and material on a theme, e.g.:  Army Historical Summaries (by year, 1969-96), The U.S. Army in World War Two, actually a series of series ("green books"), a series of books, another of pamphlets on Korean War history, a Vietnam Studies book series, Ground Forces Studies, Oral Histories, and more; (3) the CMH Publications Catalog, (4) an Out of Print Section; and (5) Inquiries, where you may pose questions, also contains links to a Master List of Army Records (i.e., what's housed where), an Army History FAQ, Finding Aids and Reference Materials (e.g., related National Archives Records Groups, full-text Medal of Honor Citations, finding aids for Manuscripts, Photographs, Periodical Literature, dictionaries of General Operational & Code Names, WW II European Special Operations Forces Code & Cover Names, Vietnam Interview Tapes, ways to pursue oral history), as well as links to related Army organizations, from its Historical Resources Branch.   The excellent FAQ, also linked to the 11-themes on the Reference Topics page, with information on (a) Obtaining a relative's Military Service Records, (b) War, Campaign, & Casualty Info., (c) Military Ranks, (d) Patches, Medals & Flags, and (e) Military History Trivia.  The Homepage includes direct links to, e.g., the Army FAQ, Medal of Honor, & CMH Publications.  (B) Art & Images gives you a choice of Artwork or Photographs, leading to entire series and to digital versions of items.  (C) Force Structure & Unit History has to do with historically evolving Army unit structure, the role of army history in this evolution, and with writing history.  (D) There are short, pre-selected lists of Reference Topics, on the History of Army History (i.e., historiography), and The U.S. Army Chief of Staff's Professional Reading List, all of which which expand, with a click. (E) Other Websites links to:  28 Army (e.g., a  link to the Army Homepage and a directory of Army Museums), 3 Army National Guard, 5 DOD, 2 Navy, 3 Air Force, 2 Marine Corps, 2 Coast Guard, 6 "Other Government Agencies", and 26 civilian websites on military history themes. Note:  CMH's Homepage is searchable (see upper right).  CMH's Homepage also features frequently changing displays and highlighted links, well worth perusal. 

U.S. Army. Military History Institute  (The Military History Institute. [Carlisle Barracks, PA])
        Contains 7 main clickable links to the Institute's:  Finding Aids, Research Catalogs, FAQ's, Acquisitions, Lecture Series, Patron Services, and Contact / Visit pages.  Additional home page links lead to an overview of Institute research collections (library, archival, & photographic resources), programs & upcoming events, veteran surveys, Army heritage links, and inquiry & fee schedule links.  Wonderful site.

Web Sources for Military History [comp. & ed] by Richard Jensen  (University of Illinois at Chicago) 

        A very good starting point for browsing or studying U.S. and world military history, arranged into 19 broad, chronological topics. (Internally, links are numbered and somewhat more haphazard, rather than sub-classified. But, there are many fine selections from which to choose.  The main, clickable subject headings are:  A. Searches / General.  B. Ancient.  C.  Medieval.  D.  16-th-17th Centuries.  E.  18th Century.  F.  American Revolution.  G.  Napoleonic Era.  H.  19th Century.  I.  U.S. Civil War.  J.  World War I.   K.  World War II.   L.  World War II:  Pacific.  M.  Cold War.  N.  Third World.  O.  Korea.  P.  Vietnam.  Q.  Desert Storm to Present; Terrorism, Iraq.  R.  Air Power.  S.  Seapower.

WWW-VL:  History:  Military History (European University Institute, Florence, Italy.  World Wide Web Virtual Library)

Documents in Military History, collection editor, Dave Stewart, Associate Professor of History (Hillsdale College)  

        A well-selected, chronologically-organized collection of transcribed primary accounts, ranging in time from the Battle of 1st Megiddo (or Armageddon I), 1469 BCE between Thutmose III and rebelling states in the Syria-Palestine/Israel region to World War I.  There are plans to expand this online anthology and to convert all entries to PDF format.  Documents are grouped under the headings:  Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern History, The French Revolution, The Nineteenth Century, The Twentieth Century, and Naval History.  The Naval History section is organized by period, with documents from 1205-1905.

Just War Theory, [comp. & ed.] by Austin Cline  (About.com)

Military Ethics (U.S.  Naval Academy.  Nimitz Library.  Ethics)

        The Library's Ethics site includes a separate section on general ethics, and other specialized or modified types of ethics

The Moral Status of Military Deception, Maj. John Mark Mattox, U.S. Army (U.S. Air Force.  Academy.  International Symposium for Military Ethics, 2007)

The Middle East -- War Journalism and Peace Journalism, by Jake Lynch, for the Caen Memorial Museum (Media Channel.org)

Atlases & Maps

Our Atlases  (U.S.  Military Academy.  Department of History. [West Point, NY])

        Do not be surprised if this site rapidly migrates elsewhere, as its web address is changed frequently.  Contains links to 18 thematic atlases on periods of U.S. & World military history (ancient to modern), and within the atlases, to specific maps. While the atlases, originally designed for use by cadets, emphasize but are not confined to U.S. military history, they are appropriate for anyone interested in military strategy, operations, and tactics.  Non-U.S. and coalition warfare receives some attention. The atlas series includes:  Ancient Warfare (i.e., Greek Hoplite Warfare, Alexander the Great, Hannibal and the Roman Republic, Caesar and the Roman Empire, Age of Cavalry, but little that is pre-classical, non-Western; 55 maps in 5 thematic sections), The Dawn of Modern Warfare (Renaissance-7 Years' War; 6- maps in 5 thematic sections), American Colonial Wars (a bit of King George's War and the French & Indian [7 Years'] War; nothing earlier, e.g., King Philip's War is notably absent; 4 maps), the The American Revolution (47 maps in 4 thematic sections), The Napoleonic Wars (70 maps in 24 thematic sections), War of 1812 (6 maps), Mexican War (5 maps), American Civil War (56 maps in 20 thematic sections), Spanish-American War (6 maps), The Great War (i.e., WW I, 53 maps in 16 thematic sections),  The Chinese Civil War (9 maps), World War Two - European Theater (83 maps in 6 thematic sections), World War Two - Asian / Pacific Theater (54 maps in 9 thematic sections), The Korean War (14 maps), The Arab-Israeli Wars (13 maps), The Vietnam War (14 maps), Wars and Conflicts Since 1958 - Eastern Hemisphere (6 maps), Wars and Conflicts Since 1958 - Western Hemisphere (5 maps), Atlas Sources.  Well Worth exploring.  [See also the Finding Aids link (just below)].  Note: 

Maps  (U.S.  Army.  Command and General Staff College.  Combined Arms Research Library)  

        An interesting mix of selected historical and modern maps, most of which are links to other websites.  Maps treat aspects of the American Civil War, Korean War, Soviet/Russian-Chechen War, WW I Battle Maps, WW Situation Maps, and links to selected major map collections.

 Bibliography

Finding Aids (U.S. Army.  Military History Institute [Carlisle Barracks, PA])

        This site contains links to 5 fine, clickable collections of bibliographies on themes in military history.  Note:  Some items listed may be available in, or on interlibrary loan through, public libraries.  Other items are rare or unique, requiring a visit to the holding institution, to use them, as these items generally do not circulate.  Also some links to bibliographies were not running, at last examination.  (1) Reference Bibliographies offers an incredible array of clickable, alphabetically arranged subject-themed bibliographies, many of which contain clickable sub-links to sub-theme bibliographies.  Two basic approaches are offered:  browse (the general subject list), or search (enter a subject term or phrase).  Eg., under "Afghanistan" there are separate sub-bibliographies on British, Russian, and American incursions.  But, for those of Alexander the Great, the Mongols, or the Empire of Timur, you will need to navigate through other subject headings & subheadings or do a search, combining your terms.  Results often lead to related bibliographies.  The redoubtable Institute bibliographers have created booklists on most major nations and historical empires, kingdoms and republics, many wars, campaigns and battles, on military transport, equipment, technology, awards, badges, honors, individual unit types, special forces, varieties of support services (individually), and considerably more.  (2)  Unit History Bibliographies begin with 9 basic links, each of which has its own internal tree structure:  (a) Army Groups, (b) Armies, (c) Corps, (d) Divisions, and (e) Brigades proceed from larger to smaller units; while still smaller units (regiments, battalions, sometimes groups) appear under basic unit type: (f) Armored Cavalry, (g) Artillery, (h) Infantry [foot soldiers], (i) Engineers.  Within each category are generally embedded bibliographies of units of the appropriate size, organized by their military unit number or designation, e.g., 15th Army Group, 103rd Infantry Regiment, etc.  (3)  [American] Civil War Biographical Bibliographies may also be browsed or searched, and are divided into Union and Confederate biographies.  Within each faction, material is arranged alphabetically, by the individuals' surname.  (4) [American] Civil War Unit Bibliographies (again alternately browsable or searchable), are arranged by 2-letter state abbreviation code, one entry followed by a "cs" another by "us", designating forces raised in or by a state to support the Confederates and Federal armies, respectively.  Special volunteer forces and U.S. and Confederate regulars are also included.  Entries are then generally listed under Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery, as well as some other designations.  From there numeric or name designations generally lead you to a bibliography on the selected regiment, battery or other sized-unit selected.  (5)  Fort, Post, Installation Reference Bibliographies (again, searchable or browsable), these bibliographies are arranged alphabetically by the name of the (past or present) military base.  The Finding Aids site is highly recommended as a valuable resource for historical research.

 Chronology

Annotated Chronology of Military Events, [comp. & ed. by] 1996-1999 ©  Dr. Richard R. Orsinger  http://users.idworld.net/rrichard/militar1.htm  and http://users.idworld.net/~rrichard/militar2.htm
        Not 100% all inclusive, but very good. Presented in serial-style with links at the end of each segment to the next one, chronologically. Contains external links, most of which appear to have expired, though internal links generally work.

A Summarized History of the Development of Military Technology  (The War Scholar)

  Blogs & Discussion Networks

        This site presents over 100 refereed discussion networks and affiliated networks for the serious study, teaching, discussion of, and keeping up to date on specific subject areas or themes in the humanities and social science, history predominating.  Many networks' area of study either directly or implicitly includes the study of related military history (unless there is a separate network specifically devoted to it), e.g.:  H-War (world military history), H-CivWar (American Civil War), H-Minerva (women and war), H-Albion (history of the British Isles), H-AmStudy (American Studies), H-Empire (history of empires and colonialism), H-French-Colonial (French colonial history), H-Mexico (Mexican history and culture), H-New-Jersey (New Jersey's history and culture).   Note:  Discussions are archived and searchable.

 Military Theory

Military Classics,  [comp. & ed.] by Dr. Robert H. Berlin (U.S. Command and General Staff College. Combined Arms Research Library. [Ft. Leavenworth, KS]. Historical Bibliography, No. 8) 

        An extensive, classified, thoughtfully prepared and annotated bibliography of both classic masters, and amplifying readings.  Scroll down to the Contents for links to sections on military eras (ancient to modern), theoreticians, world regions or historic world powers (e.g.'s:  East Asia, British Empire), modern wars, air, sea, and nuclear power, press relations, and war's "moral effects".  

        This exhibit catalog of displays at the virtual Museum, follows the development of mathematics as a "useful" and "practical" discipline, between the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, in its application to the "science" of warfare. Following an introduction, it presents clickable period writings and period instruments, under a series of 4 headings: (a) Gunnery; (b) Range-finding and Surveying; (c) Fortification; and (d) Troop Formations and the Telescope, all under a "Summaries" section. Also clickable are sections under a general Essay, Catalogue, Figures, Bibliography, Index, Acknowledgments, and Museum Home Page. Whether or not there was an Early Modern European Military renaissance is hotly debated in historical circles. This site contributes fuel to the fire. Well worth a visit to an overlooked heritage, bringing it to life.

Sonshi Library  (Sun Tzu Strategy)    

        Not limited to Sun Tzu.  An annotated list of links to excerpts or the full text of works by some of world history's greatest military theoreticians, propagandists, or leaders, arranged in no discernable order.  More chronologically, they would be: Confucius' The Great Learning, the works of Sun Tzu, Xenophon's March of the Ten Thousand, Gaius Julius Caesar's Commentaries, Vegetius' Military Matters, Marcus Aurelius' Meditations, Niccolo Machiavelli's Art of War & The Prince, Frederick the Great's Military Instructions, Karl Von Clausewitz's On War, Alfred Thayer Mahan's Admiral Farragut (though he was better known for his historical studies chronicling The Influence of Sea Power in World History, that led to a naval arms race), William T. Sherman's Memoirs, and Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders (and a 1910 speech).  There are also some unusual and unexpected chords struck, e.g., Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching, Confucius The Great Learning, and William Penn's Some Fruits of Solitude in Reflections and Maxims.  Thought provoking.  See also the site map.

Unit Histories and Veteran's Associations

Reunions and Events (About.com.  U.S. Military.  Orderly Room) 

        Provides links by military service branch (Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, etc.) general and miscellaneous links.  Also includes commercial links, so in these, caveat emptor.

¯¯¯

Ancient Military History

General

Balrond, Gregory G.  "Military Technology:  Using a Cloud of Dust in Ancient Warfare." In (MHQ:  The Quarterly Journal of Military History; HistoryNet.com)

Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, comp. & ed. by Paul Hallsall  (Internet History Sourcebooks Project)

"A Shot in Time" (A Brief History of Archery)    (Centenary Archers Club)

Notes on Ancient Archery, by C.J. Longman & Col H. Walrond  (Badminton Library fo Sports & Pasttimes:  Archery [1894])

The Reluctant Rider, 1350 BC (International Museum of the Horse.  The Legacy of the Horse, Chapter 1B:  A Chronological History of Humans and Their Relationship with the Horse)

        A capsule account, that includes military developments around the world, to about 700 BCE.  Not other chapters cover earlier and later developments.

War Pig (Wikipedia)

 Near East

Ancient Near Eastern Military History, comp. & ed. by Mark Rothenberg (Patchogue-Medford Library & Suffolk Cooperative Library System, with links to other sites)

 India

Military History of Ancient India  (AE:  All Empires:  Online History Community)

        A brief, interesting overview.

Military History of India (Wikipedia)

        A good general overview, with many links to specific periods and empires.

Naval Warfare in Ancient India, by Prithwis Chandra Chakravarti (Indian Historical Quarterly, v. 4, n. 4 [1930])

War in Ancient India (HinduWisdom)

 China & Central Asia

CMHS Suggested Readings  (University of Kansas.  Department of History.  Chinese Military History Society.) 

        A succinct thematic bibliography of valuable overviews, both in an out of print, divided into the following categories:  1.  Surveys and Introductory Works.  2. Ancient China (to 221 BC).  3. Chinese Military Thought and Theory.  4.  Military Technology.  5.  Civil-Military Relations.  6.  Military Operations.  7.  Twentieth-Century Warlords.  8.  The People's Liberation Army.  

Military History of China (Wikipedia)

        A good general overview, with many links to specific periods, dynasties, empires, and a handy link to a List of [key] Chinese Battles, arranged chronologically, by period.  There is also a handy set of links on the military history of Asia, clickable by name of modern countries (i.e., on a country-by-country basis). 

Modern Chinese History: A Basic Bibliography

        Includes links involving modern Chinese military history

2001 War in Afghanistan  (Wikipedia)

Steppe Nomads and Central Asia  (AE:  All Empires Online History Community)

The Stirrup and Its Effect on Chinese Military History, by Prof. Albert Dien (Silk Road Foundation) 

European Classical Era Warfare

 Greece:  Hellenic Era

Greco-Persian Wars (Wikipedia.org)

        Outlines the phases of the series of wars, that began with the Ionian Revolt and Persian Invasions of Greece, ultimately concluding with Alexander the Great's Invasion and conquest of Persia.  Contains many useful links, bibliographies, accounts of historians and maps of interest.

Chronology of the Peloponnesian War   (Livius.org)

        Organized by major segments of the war (actually wars), with clickable links

History of the Pelponnesian War, by Thucydides, written 431 BCE, tr. by Richard Crawley (Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Internet Classics Archive)

        Full text, by an ostracized (i.e., temporarily banished) Athenian admiral, once a major player; who had failed to provide timely relief to the besieged city of Amphipolis, from a wily Spartan general.  This history was written in the time granted by exile. Thucydides is considered by many the first true (generally reliable) historian.  Each of the 8 component books are separately clickable.  A classic.

Xenophon:  Anabasis, or Mach Upcountry  (Fordham University.  Ancient History Sourcebook.  Greece)
        Also known as the "March of the 10,000".  Following the failed Persian invasions of Greece, Greek Mercenaries became popular in Persia. This large contingent, commanded in its later stages by the author Xenophon, was hired to support the claim of one of two rival brothers for nothing less than the Imperial Persian throne.  Their claimant, Cyrus (not the Great) lost his life in battle, resulting in a harried epic retreat back to Greece, via the Black Sea, which Xenophon records from his perspective, as leader.  Also a classic.

 Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.

Alexander the Great on the Web
        The premier site on the subject, formerly known as Alexanderama, now with nearly 1000 links, classified under approximately 25 main headings, or approaches. Its content displays an extroadinary range: from chidren's and popular interest sites (e.g., "Kids," "Movies," "Television, Video," "Discussion Groups," "Travel and Tourism," "Hotels, etc.," "Goods and Services," to "Literature and Music," to ethnically-charged sites ("Nationalist," "Reference," "Arts and Maps," "Individual Topics," "Macedonia, Thrace and the Hellenistic Age," "Persia"), to biographic, bibliographic,and "Alexander Links," to some intriguing groupings: "Left Out," "Dead Links," "New Links," "Unsorted New," "Misc.," "Top 5%," "They Link to Me," as well as "About this Page". There is a wealth of historical information here; and there are plans to eventually include full-text versions of Arrian's and Curtius' histories of Alexander. This site is recommended for anyone from the serious researcher to the casual surfer.

  Rome - History - Republic, 265-30 B.C.

Rome (Fordham University.  Internet Ancient History Sourcebook), site design by Paul Halsall

        Outline links to material on Roman Historians, the rise & fall of both Republic and Empire, key wars, and more.

       Look in the left-hand column, under "Non-Fiction" (directly under the marble bust of Caesar).  Click on The Gallic Wars, Civil Wars, and Alexandrian War, African War, Spanish War, which will take you to a series of segments of the full-text versions..  Latin versions of The Civil War and The Gallic Wars works may be found at the Perseus Project website. [Scroll down the alphabetic list of  classical era authors, and their works, to "Caesar, Julius."]  Note: The Gallic Wars also includes his invasions of Germany and Britain. The Civil Wars, following Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon, into territory officially assigned to his former consular colleague, Pompey the Great, were waged first against the Senatorial faction, led by Pompey, then against his sons and their allies.  The Alexandrian War, African War, and Spanish War,  recount the latter phase, and are believed written by others.   Caesar was a master propagandist, which often takes precedence over accurate historical observation and reporting, in his works.  But, Caesar's spare, yet learned and lively writing style is vivid enough to have won admiration and loyalty in his time, and to have commanded the attention of the ages.  Contains such memorable lines as "All Gaul is divided in three parts...." and "Veni. Vedi. Vici" (I came. I saw.  I conquered.)  True literary classics. 

Medieval Warfare

Medieval Military History

Renaissance & Reformation Era Warfare

Gunpowder Warfare  (Wikipedia)

Warfare in the Renaissance  (New York Military Affairs Symposium)

Italian Wars [1494-1559]  (Wikipedia)

Animated Illustrations:  Warfare, sponsored by Deloitte (V&A Museums.  Experience, Experiment, Design:  Leonardo Da Vinci)

            Da Vinci's model prefiguring the tank, virtually brought to life.

Trace Italienne (Wikipedia)

            A key stage in the early modern evolution of fortification.

Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (1568-1648)  (Wikipedia)

The Wars of Religion (Le Poulet Gauche)

            Focused on France, this site in 2 parts, with a bibliographic link, traces the phases of the wars of religion, and links to several documents and maps, and to considerable additional material on its parent website. 

Thirty Years' War, by Chris Atkinson  (Pipeline.com)

            Provides an overview of the war's causes and main phases:   Bohemian, Palatinate, Danish, Swedish, French, and the Peace of Westphalia, that ended it.  It contains a site map, timeline, bibliography, maps, and classified selection of links, including links to experts.

The Spanish "Tercios", 1525-1704  (Geocities.com)  [also available in Spanish and French language versions]

            These massive, castle-like formations

The Spanish Armada, 1588 (Luminarium:  Anthology of English Literature)

Spanish Armada, 1588:  The Invasion that Nearly Succeeded - How the Army of Flanders Almost Conquered England  (Invicta Media)

Enlightenment Era Warfare, 1648-1794

Great Northern War  (Wikipedia)

Chronology of the Crusades:  Ottoman Empire on the Defensive, 1600-1800  (About.com)

            Actually, the subtitle is misleading, as, e.g., Vienna was under siege in 1683.  Afterward the Ottoman defeat there, it  became increasingly true. 

Prince Eugene of Savoy  (Wikipedia)

Louis XIV of France  (Wikipedia)

The Wars of Louis XIV, [by] J.P. Sommerville (University of Wisconsin, Madison.  Seventeenth Century Europe)

The Marshal Vauban Homepage, maintained by Chris Jones (Geocities.com)

 France - Napoleon, 1794-1815

Napoleonic Literature[comp. & ed. by] John Schneider   (Napoleonic Literature.org)
            This is a searchable site, with key sections in the left-hand column, which includes a link to numerous full-text Electronic Books (including some period classics, in English or English translation).  Clicking instead on Napoleonic History provides a (new left-hand column) list leading to, e.g., a clickable year-by-year Napoleon I chronology, Napoleon's controversial will, a Facts FAQ, an article on the classic 1861 Minard map depicting Grande Armee losses by location and temperature, along with the map itself, Napoleon's Flying Ambulance Corps, and Waterloo), Magic lantern slides, a photo-tour of Malmaison (Empress Josephine's retreat), and a companion sub-website Literature on the Age of Napoleon

Links to a growing number of general and thematic "Historical Information" sites, ranging from only a few of Napoleon's many campaigns and battles (notably the Russian Campaign, Borodino, and Waterloo, with many glaring absences), to maxims and quotations, chronologies, glossaries, heraldry, uniforms, wargames, Nelson's dispatches, Napoleon's correspondence, period artillery, a tour of "Virtual Elba", poetry, and more. Other groups of links at this site point to Napoleonic museums, art, associations, books, articles and reproductions, miniatures, games, and under Miscellaneous, the "Sharps Information Page" (per the novels and TV series). Like the many other Napoleonic sites, this is far from comprehensive, but perhaps presently, the single most helpful.

Napoleon (Fondation Napoleon)
        Nicely reorganized and expanded this English or French-language searchable site, primarily on the First Empire, but also covering the Second of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III), offers a guided electronic tour (bottom left), has its own RSS feed (to which you may subscribe), a Message Board, and special features in the center.  The color-coded, segmented bars, in purple, yellow, then red, near the top of the homepage are the key to the site.  Essential Napoleon includes key dates, a long or short version of the Napoleonic family tree, key places, books, and paintings associated with the 2 Napoleons (I & III) and their empires, symbology, the Republican Calendar, in effect at the beginning of the first Napoleon's ascent to power, a 10-part FAQ, and notably, what the foundation has decided are Key Websites.  Their own is certainly one.  Also in the purple is a Fun Stuff section (e.g., Quizzes, Wallpaper, Screensaver, Ring-tones, postcards, a useful Period Glossary, and more), and a Bicentennaries (which should prove active at least through mid-2015).  The yellow column is a sort of ephemeral events and travel section, combined with a solid selection of readings. The Magazine includes what looks to be series of well-thought out thematic travel itineraries (in France, and Manhattan), museums, monuments, interviews, announcements of new publications, reviews, and a nice Directory section, indicating (the number of links per category of institution, commercial and non-profits).  It also has a What's New? section, well worth a browse, that, among other things, amplifies the Bicentennaries mentioned above.  The Reading Room section takes you to a fine selection of E-books and articles online, Bibliographies, Timelines, Biographies, and to the Foundation library and research collections (including links to online materials).  The Gallery highlights related paintings (of the month), pictures, and movies.  Special Dossiers gathers together exhibits of thematic material on the history of the 1st and 2nd Empire.  The final (red) section includes a Collector's Corner (which plans, among other things, to have a clickable alphabet on Empire styles), Message Board, Your Place, and Press (releases by the Fondation).  In a gray right-hand column on the home page you'll also find:  News, Publications, History Prices, Research Grants, Patronage, a description of the foundation, which is registered as a charity, and a plea for support.  This is a site that rewards detailed exploration.

U.S. MILITARY HISTORY

U.S. Prehistory and the Colonial Era, To 1775

 U.S.-Indian Wars

See also  U.S. Prehistory and the Colonial Era, To 1775 (above)

Indian Wars (Wikipedia)

        Scan down from the Contents section, after the general article, and take a look at the long lists of wars (and their links), from the colonial era to Wounded Knee. 

 Pequot War, 1637

1637 -- The Pequot War (The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut)

Narrative of the Pequot War, by John Mason  (Rootsweb.com)

Pequot History  (First Nations:  Issues of Consequence)

Pequot War (dowden.gen.  Perspectives) 

  King Philip's War, 1675-1676

Battles Between King Philip's Warriors and the English  (University of Massachusetts.  Dept. of Biology)

King Philip's War (Wikipedia)

  Seminole Wars

Seminole Wars (Wikipedia)

    Includes a clickable outline with numerous links, covering causes, the 3 main wars, sources, and more.  

  African-American Participation

Buffalo Soldiers & Indian Wars
        A Kid Safe site, prepared by a recently-retired special education teacher, whose grandfather and great-grandfather served in the Civil War, the latter also serving thereafter in the U.S.-Indian Wars (10th U.S. Cavalry, Co.D). Studded with period photos, 2 video clips, narratives, historical context information, personal archival documents, and links to sites dealing with the Civil War, key personalities, Seminole Negro Indian Scouts, and more. An information-rich site.

French & Indian War, 1754-1763  [Seven Years' War, 1755-63, outside N. America]

 Revolutionary War, 1775-1783

            Contains full-text versions of the Center's  The Continental Army; Supplying Washington's Army; The Battle of Camden, South Carolina, August 16, 1780; The Battle of Kings Mountain and the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina; The Virginia Campaign and the Blockade and Seizure of Yorktown, 1781; Rangers in Colonial and Revolutionary America; as well as extracts from:  The American Revolution:  The First Phase and The American Revolution:  The Winning of Independence, 1777-1783.

Bibliographies of the War of American Independence  (U.S. Army.  Center of Military History.  Historical Resources      Branch)

            Essentially a classified version of the contents of The Center's handy reference work, The Continental Army.  The main sections are:  General (General, Causes, Diplomacy Politics), Topical (General Officers, Headquarters Activities, Intelligence Logistics, Medical, Chaplains, Flags and Uniforms, Morale and Discipline, Music, Prisoners of War, Weapons Technology, Military Theory, Early American Imprints, Selected Postwar Developments), States (one for each colony/state then in existence and a general Canada entry, plus a special military units subsection:  Extra Regiments, Additional Regiments, Dragoons and Partisans, Engineers, Separate Companies), Operations (by theater of war, with northern North America:  New England Theater, New York City Theater, Northern Theater, Pennsylvania Theater, Virginia Theater, Southern Theater, Florida Theater, Indians and the West), Other Theaters  (Caribbean, Europe, Asia), Other Participants (British, Loyalists, Germans, Spanish), and Naval (General, American, British, French, Spanish, Dutch).  A useful starting point for research. 

Michael & Sonja Meals' Revolutionary War Links Page

        Links to numerous sites dealing with the American Revolution, itself, related national parks and museums in the U.S. and Canada, associations, key documents, collections, chronologies, facsimile period maps, genealogical resources (e.g., the DAR & SAR, Census record sites), reenactment groups, news and blogs, and more. Sites are of uneven quality, many are quite good, and the number of sites under a linked theme are usually indicated in brackets, e.g. [30].  A useful starting or browsing point.

Battles

The Revolutionary War Battles  (MyRevolutionaryWar.com) 

            A month-by-month, year-by-year, list, of generally clickable events.  American or British flags indicate the designated victor, with a dual-flag indicating a draw.

Overall Map of the Battle of Long Island, by Henry P. Johnston  (New York Public Library)

Revolutionary War Hall  (Virtuology.com)

Secret Service

Spy Letters of the American Revolution:  From the Collections of the Clements Library  (University of Michigan.  School of Information.  Clements Library) 

        Main Sections:  Gallery of Letters, Stories of Spies and Letters, Secret Methods and Techniques, People of the Revolution, Routes of the Letters, Timeline, Sir Henry Clinton Collection, Teacher's Lounge.  Includes facsimiles and transcribed version of the originals, maps, images, and more, from one of the finest U.S. collections on the subject.

The Setauket Spies, by Beverly C. Tyler  (Three Village Historical Society.  History Close at Hand:  Local 18th Century History)

Travel

A Walking Tour of the Battlefield in Our Midst:  From The Battle for New York:  The City at the Heart of the American Revolution, by Barnet Schechter  (Walker and Company.  Walkerbooks)

            While this obviously advertises the book from which it is excerpted, the excerpt and tour is generously provided full text.  There are also useful interesting Links and Gallery sections at this site (see upper right).

The Philadelphia Campaign:  1777:  Virtual Marching Tour of the American Revolution  (Independence Hall Association) 

        Main segments:  campaign chronology, campaign background and prelude at sea, Head of Elk, MD (British landing), related capsule biographies, travel information, games, On the March to Brandywine, The Battle of Brandywine, Battle of the Clouds, Paoli Massacre, March to Germantown, Battle of Germantown, Siege of Ft. Mifflin, Whitemarsh, British in Philadelphia, What Happened at Valley Forge, Explanative Files (part specialized dictionary, part FAQ).   Quite browsable.

A Revolutionary Day:  Discover America's Historic Routes on Day-Long Revolutionary War Road Trips  (Cyber Haus)

        Started out as several self-guided, illustrated New York State Routes, which have since expanded and also been published in commercial book form, and now online comprise additional routes and more states.  Routes are arranged numerically, and include:  N.Y. Route 5 and U.S. Routes 4, 7, 9, 9W, 20, 60, 202, and 221, as well as a Champlain Canal Tour.  Itineraries, directions, and maps are provided for each. Places are illustrated, often with color photos.  

 U.S. Navy History

 War of 1812

Texas War of Independence

Republic of Texas, by Joseph Milton Nance (University of Texas, at Austin.  General Libraries & Texas State Historical Association.  TSHA Online.  The Handbook of Texas Online)

            A well-written narrative article of some length, providing the lengthy prelude and wars prefiguring the Mexican War accompanied by a bibliography, and see also references to numerous related articles, in The Handbook of Texas Online.  

Mexican War, 1846-1848

The U.S.-Mexican War, 1846-1848  (PBS)

The U.S.-Mexican War, 1846-1848  (Descendants of Mexican War Veterans)

        Sections:  History, Images, Documents, Maps, Historic Sites, Reading List, FAQ's, Chronology, Statistics, Artifacts.

Mexican War (Global Security.org)

The Mexican War  (Indiana University.  Latino Studies Program.  Latino Studies Resources. 

        A nice collection of links, some of which are classified, strong on visual material (portraits, battle maps, period lithographs, photographs)

Invasion Yanqui:  The Mexican War  (Texas Council for the Humanities.  Resource Center.  Border Studies)

Pack Mules and Surfboats:  Logistics in the Mexican War, by Robert D. Paulus  (U.S.  Army.  Logistics Management College.  Army Logistician)

The St. Patricio Battalion:  Irish Soldiers of Mexico, by Jaime Fogarty, In Voices of Mexico, Ap-Je 2000 (Society for Irish Latin American Studies.  Irish Migration Studies in Latin America) 

 Civil War, 1861-1865

New York Civil War Units  (New York State.  Division of Military and Naval Affairs.  Military Museum & Veterans' Research Center.  New York State History Project)

            Drawn from Frederick Phisterer's classic, New York in the War of the Rebellion, 7 vols., occasionally from photographic, newspaper, and other sources, leads to capsule official military unit histories, of infantry and cavalry regiments, artillery batteries, brigades, prisons and prisoners, U.S. Colored Troops, uncompleted and unaccepted organizations.  Phisterer's charts and tables are sometimes included, as are the tattered remains of regimental flags, photos of selected individuals, sometimes annotated related, bibliographies, and links.  See esp. those listed under Resources on the initial page.  Amount of material on a unit or topic can vary widely, based on availability of sources.    Communities of New York in the Civil War,  Nicknames and Synonyms for New York Units, Union Blue and Militia Gray:  The Role of the New York State Militia in the War, and New York State Newspaper Clipping Files are a few of the clickable items under Resources.  But, this is a rich mine for the genealogist, historian, or visitor to a battlefield park.   The site also contains links to records of NYS participation in other wars, and to related material on aspects of the military history of the state

American Civil War Unit Biographies
        American Civil War Unit Biographies Search, using your own terms or browse and click to bibliographies from a list arranged primarily by state. U.S. & Confederate States (CS) troops are listed in separate bibliographies for states and territories that contributed troops to both sides. Regulars army (USA & CSA) troops have individual bibliographies, as do the many regiments of the U.S. Colored Troops ("/usct") and misc. volunteers ("vols/"). A fine place to identify what regimental histories are known to exist. Full citations and page references are provided. Some of the works cited will probably be available fairly locally, others may be rare or unique, and perhaps brittle.

American Civil War Biographical Bibliographies
        Search, using your own terms or browse and click to bibliographies from a U.S. or C.S. list, each arranged by surname (with personal name initials appended where more than one person shares a last name e.g., andrsnja, andrsonjo, andrsonri, for 3 Confederate Andersons). A fine place to identify biographical materials on some of the key players in the War Between the States. Full citations and page references are provided. Some of the work cited will probably be available fairly locally, other may be rare or unique, and perhaps brittle.

MHI Photograph Database
        Over 27,000 Civil War photos cataloged here. An imperfect tool. Search, using your own terms, but be pretty specific. (Avoid the terms "Civil War" or similar terms, as you'll then be retrieving all 27,000 records, involving massive processing time to no end). This database is not yet browsable, so you're stuck guessing what is in it. It does however, represent most of the largest single collection of Civil War photos on existence. Good Luck.

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion  (U.S.  Navy.  War Records Office [1894-1922; Cornell University.  Making of America)

        Click and read, browse, or search (simple, boolean, proximity). 

War of the Rebellion:  A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies  (U.S. War Dept.  [1880-1901]; Cornell University.  Making of America)

        Click and read, browse, or search (simple, boolean, proximity). 

Richmond Daily Dispatch, 1860-1865  (University of Richmond.  Libraries. Virginia Center for Digital History; The Perseus Digital Library; Project funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services)

        A searchable, major newspaper of the Confederate capital, yielding perceptions of the times of major and minor events, campaigns, battles, skirmishes, personalities, industries, businesses, speeches local and not so local affairs, and the distractions and concerns of the day, among other things.  Offers simple, proximity, and boolean search options, and issues may be browsed individually, chronologically.

 Spanish-American War, 1898

        Learn what was going on in a bustling south central Long Island village in 1898, people's concerns, how they observed their lives, their biases, how the war touched and affected them, what they thought of international, national, state, regional, and local events; all this, seasoned with a lively measure of humor, through the eyes, articles, and ads of the local weekly, the Patchogue Advance. While a bibliography, it contains many featured excerpts and occasionally full-text. Topics include the arrival and sinking of the Maine, Dewey in Manila, a waylaid smuggler of sand to Spain, a note from Patchogue's red light district, road paving, commerce and industry, boatbuilding, shellfishing & the baymen's plight, a Lizzie Borden reunion, troop arrivals on Long Island, first-hand reports on visits & an ice delivery to nearby Camp Wykoff, and Teddy Roosevelt's whistletop visit to the village during his gubernatorial campaign, among many other fascinating articles.

Spanish-American War, 1898 (Some Websites of Interest).

        Or click on a list of 22 categories of links about the war in its many aspects, in the: These include general links on the war, booklists, capsule biographies, Camp Black, Medal of Honor Winners, Wm. McKinley, Medical Aspects, Motion Pictures, Music, Naval & Amphibious Operations, a link to the archival collection descriptions, the Philippine-American War, Theodore Roosevelt, the Rough Riders & Camp Wykoff, Sports and Statistical aspects, as well as Yellow Journalism, among other topics.

Spanish-American War Centennial Website
        Its main features are its: (1) Proposed site outline( 6 p., when printed out), (2) Period ship illustrations,under "The U.S. Navy"and "The Spanish Navy"reproduced period paintings and colorized lithographs for both navies (though Jane's Fighting Ships, 1898- ot present and Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905 remain the basic sources in any format), (3) Rough Riding [& TeddyRooseveltiana] Links (new) and (4) Bibliography (expanding, but see the US Army Military History Institute's bibliographies for more complete listings). Newly added links take you to: (5) Action Reports & First hand Accounts, (6) a Chronology, (7)Personal Profiles (capsule biographies), (8) Music of the War,(9) Unit Profiles, (11) ("Yellow") Journalism & the War, (12) Events, Exhibits & Related Information. Material on the war's causes, battles, medical & sanitary aspects, and legacy are forthcoming.

"Spamwar" Reference Bibliography
        This site has links to 5 bibliographic subtopics, and a note: (1) generalia (/genmisc.htm) (2) 7-inch siege howitzers in the Cuban Campaign(/7-inch.htm) (3) mobilization and decontamination camps (/camps.htm), the latter, Montauk, N.Y.'s notorious Camp Wykoff, 1898-99 (4) the fate of the battleship USS Maine (/ussmaine.htm)["Remember the Maine"] (5) the German-American naval confrontation in Manila Bay, 1898 (6) a note on Civil War generals who served in the Spanish-American War (/cwgens.htm) These listings are drawn from and complemented by others among the U.S. Military History Institute's Reference Bibliographies, at http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usamhi/Bibliographies/RefBibs/... For e.g.: (7)Guam(/guam.htm) (8)Philippines(/phil) (9)U.S. Possession of Wake Island, 4 July 1898(/wake1898.htm) (10)Puerto Rico, 1898-1918(/puerto.htm) (11)Cuba, Since 1898(/cuba/genmisc.htm) (12)Army, 1898-1917(/usarmy/98-1917.htm).

Spanish-American War Volunteer Forces [Statistical Summary]
        Contains the full text, single-page edition of the Adjutant General's Office's Statistical Exhibit of Strength of Volunteer Forces Called into Service During the War with Spain, With Losses from All Causes.Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899. Obtained and tabulated from official muster rolls at war's end, it is chiefly arranged alphabetically by state, then by number or letter of units. Regular army units are included. Territories follow states,in turn followed by statewide, then national totals. [Some figures are curious (e.g., thousands more were mustered out than mustered in.)] All this is preceded by a short introduction and figures on key army officers. A mine if information. NYS regiments are listed, as well as cavalry (2 companies mustered in at Hempstead, NY). Look for 1st U.S. Vol. Cavalry Regt., if you want Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders". Reformatted courtesy of the U.S. Army Center of Military History.

The Rough Riders, by Theodore Roosevelt
        Full text of Roosevelt's classic history of his 1st U.S. Vol. Cavalry's role in the Spanish-American War, written by him as war hero and new Governor of New York, less than 1 year after the war, in 1899. 6 clickable chapters and 4 appendices recount his military and political activities as Under-Secretary of the Navy on the eve of the war, transfer to the army, his recruiting and organizing efforts, war experiences including the siege of the Santiago de Cuba, the dismounted "charge" up San Juan Hill, postwar return, camp Wykoff and McKinley's visit. The appendices include the mustering- out roll of the "Rough Riders", Roosevelt's official 9/10/1898 report to the Secretary of War, a round robin letter, and corrections. Also clickable are a bibliography, illustrations, and an epigram by Bret Harte. Roosevelt, of course, would go on to be President of the United States, but also of the American Historical Association.

 World War, 1914-1918

World War I Document Archive
        Rich source of full-text conventions, treaties, official papers, documents arranged chronologically, as well as memorials, personal reminiscences, mini biographies (clickable by alphabetic letter, then by name), an "image archive", a special topics and commentary articles section, related WWI site links, news, a link to WWI-L, and more. Great way to study the period.

 Diplomacy -- Sources

 World War, 1939-1945

 General

D-Day to the Rhine

 Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Arbor Attacked (Buckeye Web Design)

 Aerial Operations - U.S.

U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (Pacific War)
        Summary of the effectiveness of the American WWII bombing in the Pacific Theater of the effectiveness of American WWII bombing in the Pacific Theater of Operations, prepared by the U.S. War Department, immediately after the war. See also the European Theater of the Operations Summary.

 U.S.  Army Operations

U.S. Army in World War II Series (U.S.  Army.  Center of Military History) 

            Contains the full text of many of the works in the sub-series, as well as of the Reader's Guide.  A work of monumental proportions, well worth browsing.

  German Forces

 Diplomacy -- Sources

 Naval Operations - German