Main sections: Resources, Services, Home-GrownWeb Connections, Leads to Other Websites, Other Leads. Ask at the Room about recent developments involving our growing archival collections.

ny_cf.htm

Scroll slightly down, to the map of New York State, showing its counties in 1683. Pressing the "Play" button below the map will give you an animated map showing the growth and appearance of new counties, county subdivisions and boundary changes, from 1683-1915, chronologically, in rapid succession. You can also select a year (from a clickable list). There is a guide to county abbreviations used, just below the map and year list. On the the left side of the screen are links to other NYS maps and resources on NYS history and genealogy. Worth exploring.

The Digital Collections (New York State. Archives) http://www.archives.nysed.gov/d/index.shtml

Documenting the Community: Suggested Records-Related Activities for Local Government Historians (New York State Archives and Records Administration & the New York State Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/services/documenting.html

Geologic History of New York State (New York State. Education Dept.) http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/reftable/esp8-9.pdf

Enlargeable geologic chart

History of New York State: Before 1900; After 1900 (I Love New York) http://www.iloveny.com/AboutNY/History.aspx

A very brief overview, esp. useful to the prospective tourist, or student about to study NYS history. Subsections include: Duke of York, Independence, Revolutionary War, First Government of New York State, First Capital of the New Nation, Erie Canal, Statue of Liberty, United Nations, New York Stock Exchange, Center for Art, Music, and Literature, National Leaders. It also mentions that there is another short history of the state in the annual New York State Legislative Manual.

Local Government Historians (New York State Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/services/srvlocal.html

Contains links to the Association of Public Historians of New York State, to Relevant State Laws, Duties, Functions, & Qualifications, Annual Reports, a directory of NYS county & municipal historians, to a series of related articles, awards, state initiatives, and more.

Long Island: Our Story (Newsday, Inc.) http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/

Long Island History & New York State History (Patchogue-Medford Library) http://www.pmlib.org/Longislandhistoryrm.htm

New York (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York

New York History Net (New York History Net) http://www.nyhistory.com/

New York Jewish History (New York State Archives) http://www.archives.nysed.gov/a/research/res_topics_pgc_jewish_essay.shtml

New York Natural Wonders (New York Natural Wonders) http://www.nynaturalwonders.com/

¯New York State Archives (New York State. Archives and Records Administration) http://www.archives.nysed.gov/aindex.shtml

New York State Museum (The Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/

¯New York’s Heritage Trails (Heritage New York) http://www.heritageny.state.ny.us/home.cfm

Links to descriptions of French & Indian War, American Revolution, Theodore Roosevelt, Underground Railroad, Underwater, and Women's [history] trails, as well as to the Lincoln Marker Program (Lincoln in New York, maps, and links), and more.

New York State Historic Preservation Office: Site Map (The Office) http://nysparks.state.ny.us/shpo/sitemap/index.htm

Main areas: Home Page, Sources of Preservation, State Plan, Investment Tax, Certified Local Government, Archeology, Environmental Review, Technical Assistance, Online Resources, Territory Maps, and Contact info.

New York State History Links, Local and Regional (New York History Net) http://www.nyhistory.com/links/local.htm

Alphabetic list of clickable links; mostly working, some down, nice collection.

¯NY GenWeb (Roos.com) http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenweb/

¯New York State History Links (Onondaga County Public Library) http://www.onlib.org/website/links/history.htm

November is New York State History Month (Catskill Mountain Foundation)

Nueva York (Estado) (Wikipedia) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_York_(estado) [en Español]

Online Resources for New York State History and Culture (New York State Historical Association and the Farmers' Museum) http://library.nysha.org/online/nyhc.htm

Overview of New York Geology: Adapted from Educationa Leaflet 33, by William B. Rogers, Yngvar N. Isachsen, et al. (Gretchen.geo.rpi,edu) http://gretchen.geo.rpi.edu/roecker/nys/nys_edu.pamphlet.html

¯Rediscovering New York (New York State. Education Department) http://www.rny.nysed.gov/rindex.shtml

¯Selected Entries (Syracuse University Press. Encyclopedia of New York State) http://www.syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/encyclopedia/selected-entries.html

Clickable full-text, authoritative, signed entries, from the Encyclopedia on: African Burial Ground. -- Antirent Movement. -- Ball, Lucille (Desiree). -- Barnburners. -- Beef on Weck. -- Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES). -- Consolidated Edison (Con Edison). -- Covenant Chain. -- DiMaggio, Joe (Joseph Paul). -- Diners. -- E-Z Pass. -- Gardiners Island. -- Graham, Martha. -- Hip Hop. -- Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919. -- Ithaca (Town and City). -- Jell-O. -- Kennedy, Robert F(rancis). -- Meany, (William) George. -- Moose (Alces alces). -- New York State Fair. -- Pittsford (Town and Village). -- Reader's Digest. -- Seneca Falls Convention. -- United Garment Workers. -- Zippy Chippy.

¯State Historic Markers (New York State. Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/services/srvmarker.html

Includes: Searchable Database of NYS Markers, How Do I Get an Historic Marker, Summary History of the NYS Marker Program, Missing a Marker?, Historic Marker Maintenance, Historical Area Markers in NYS, The Knox Trail (which includes a virtual tour. Henry Knox, in the dead of winter, 1776, commanded an expedition that sailed, sledded, and dragged most of the heavy guns, recently captured at Ft. Ticonderoga by Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen, to Washington's Continental Army outside Boston, strengthening the siege, and once Dorchester Heights were secured, commanding Boston harbor, forcing the British Army to withdraw to Nova Scotia. The New York campaign would follow.)

Top Facts (I Love New York) http://www.iloveny.com/AboutNY/TopFacts.aspx

Boundary lengths, 1st U.S. railroad, Rip Van Winkle, Uncle Sam, some U.S. preservation and conservation firsts, origin of the name "Big Apple", and NYS Symbols (official state: motto, flag, fruit, tree, flower, animal, fish, bird, fossil, gem, muffin, song), and other state geographic facts.

Albany, NY - History

Albany Congress [1754] (New York State Musuem)

Albany Mechanics Society [founded 1793] (New York State Museum)

Beverwyck (New York State Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/beverwyck.html

Fort Orange (New York State Museum)

People of Colonial Albany (New York State Museum)

Architecture & Monuments

¯Statue of Liberty National Monument (U.S. Dept. of the Interior. National Parks Service)

Includes a link to Ellis Island National Monument, which is part of the Statue of Liberty National Mon.

Tom Fletcher’s New York Architecture Images and Notes (NYC Architecture.com)

Aviation & Aerospace History

¯The Aviation Heritage of Long Island, by Joshua Stoff (Cradle of Aviation Museum)

A short, well illustrated narrative summary, with interesting links to a Timeline (1870-Present), articles on key Aircraft (Brunner Winkle Bird, P-47, A-10, A-6, F-14, F3F-2, and more), selected Airfields (Mitchel Field, Suffolk County AFB), Events (Flight of the NC-4, R-34 Dirigible, LI on the Moon), and People (Charles Lindbergh, Harriet Quimby, Elinor Smith, Alexander DeSeversky, Leroy Grumman). Rewards browsing.

Caterpillar Club's Aviation History of Central New York State, by Mark S. Barbour (Mark S. Barbour)

Covers events from 1940 to 2000.

Binghamton, N.Y. -- History

Binghamton, New York -- A Brief History (City of Binghamton)

Sections: A Brief History, Carousel Capital of the World, and a short Timeline.

Brooklyn (Kings Borough/County), NY -- History

¯Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1841-1902 Online! (Brooklyn Public Library)

A searchable model newspaper site, that is searchable and retrieves facsimile articles. Contains not only information on Brooklyn, but on greater NYC and Long Island villages as far away and Montauk and Orient. It also includes regional, state, national, and international news, as well as period advertisements and illustrations.

¯Brooklyn History (Brooklyn Online.com)

Includes linked articles on the Battle of Brooklyn, The Old Stone House, Historical Homes in Brooklyn, Brooklyn Archeology, The Lott House, The Old Dutch Church, U.S.S. Monitor, Brooklyn Baseball History, Hubbards Lane, Greenpoint History, Some Bushwick Fire House History, and A Short History of Brooklyn. These titles may seem a little blazé, but click on them and find some fascinating material. Brooklyn Online includes an additional array of links worth exploring.

Famous Brooklynites and New Yorkers (Brooklyn Public Library) http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/internet_links_detail.jsp?linklistpageid=597

Includes 6 separate lists: Brooklyn Leaders (nicely classified into: art, business, education, literary and political), Encyclopedia List of Famous New Yorkers, Famous New Yorkers, Governors of New York, Henry Chadwick, and Some Famous Brooklynites (impressive, alphabetic chart, mostly modern ones).

Brown, John

¯John Brown's Farm, North Elba, NY (NY History Net)

Little-known site where the plot was hatched to take the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, then in Virginia, and to arm and launch a slave rebellion throughout the South from there, took shape. Includes an article, color photos of his home, burial plot, and of a statue, and a link, at bottom to the Gerrit Smith Home Page. Smith was a prominent early backer of Brown.

John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry (Oct.-Dec. 1859) (Furman University. Department of History. Secession Era Editorials Project) http://history.furman.edu/%7Ebenson/docs/jbmenu.htm

Selected Southern and Northern newspaper views, vituperations, and perceived consequences, at the time, of the Harper's Ferry raid and trial.

A Plea for Captain John Brown: Delivered in Concord, Massachusetts, October 30, 1859, by Henry D. Thoreau (Iowa State University. The Thoreau Reader & The Thoreau Society ) http://thoreau.eserver.org/plea.html

Pottawatomie Massacre (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottawatomie_Massacre

The Trial of John Brown, 1859 (University of Missouri-Kansas City. School of Law. Famous Trials) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/johnbrown/brownhome.html

Includes chronology, maps, images, Brown's autobiography, The Secret Six (Brown's backers), Brown's Provisional Constitution, Capt. Robert E. Lee's report (on the recapture of the Federal arsenal and of Brown and his cohorts, by Lee's U.S. Marine contingent), trial report and testimony, Brown's interview in Charlestown prison, Brown's letters from prison, gravesite and lyrics to "John Brown's Body" (with a link to the song's history), a bibliography, and related links.

Buffalo, NY -- History

Buffalo Architecture and History (Ah.bfn.org)

Links include: Buffalo as an Architectural History Museum, Landmarks in Buffalo, NY, Historic Districts in Buffalo, NY, Architects, Styles, Illustrated Architecture Dictionary, History of Buffalo Index, Illustrated Furniture Glossary, and Architecture Around the World. Includes links to the local preservation board and landmark society, and much more. Well worth exploring.

Buffalonet: Buffalo and Western New York's Internet Historical Resource (Buffalonet.org)

Begins with chronological links, 1801-1832, 1832 (city incorporation), 1832-1840, 1840-1850, Buffalo Central Terminal (1929-present), NY Central Trackage [railroad] in Buffalo, NY, in 1950, History of Brewing in Buffalo, The Buffalo 19th Barracks, 1837-1846, Holland Land Company, A Visual Tour of the Ol' Rockpile, Buffalo's Subway System, Genessee and Wyoming County Off-Beat History, Buffalo Folklore, Etc., and more.

History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, ed. by H. Perry Smith, 1884 (Niagara University)

Online book in 2 vols., vol. 1 being the history of Erie County, in 62 clickable chapters + Index; v. 2 being the History of Buffalo, in 22 clickable chapters.

Shuffle off to Buffalo (Harry Warren.org)

Lyrics, written for the musical Forty-Second Street, composer: Harry Warren & lyricist: Al Dubin, 1932

Was Buffalo Saloon Capital of the World? (Bluemoon.net)

Continued from Over the Falls in a Barrel of Beer

Burned-Over District

The Burned-Over District (Wikipedia)

A brief overview of the repeated waves of religious and social waves of ferment that followed in western NYS, after the building of the Erie Canal, and the leaders of various movements.

Saints, Sinners and Reformers: The Burned-Over District Revisited, by John H. Martin (The Crooked Lake Review, Fall 2005)

Canals

The Erie Canal: "Clinton's Big Ditch" (Erie Canal.org) http://www.eriecanal.org/

The Erie Canal: A Brief History (New York State. Canal Corporation. Canal Culture) http://www.canals.state.ny.us/cculture/history/

Note: near the end of the brief history is a clickable link to more detailed information, with additional links.

¯Erie Canal Library (University of Rochester. Dept. of History) http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/

Well worth a browse. The timeline alone is quite arresting. But there's much more here.

¯History of the Canal System of the State of New York: Together with Brief Histories of the Canals of the United States and Canada, v. 1, by Noble E. Whitford http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/1906/Contents.html

Includes many other NYS canals than just the famed Erie Canal, in 25 clickable chapters, plus maps, illustrations, and related laws. Includes, e.g., the Shinnecock, Chemung, Erie, Oneida Lake, Delaware and Hudson, Genessee Valley, Crooked Lake canals, among others, and a section on “Abandoned Canals”, and introductory and supplemental material. Gives the grand picture of the canal-building era of New York State. A fascinating resource, well worth perusing. Full-text.

"Low Bridge, Everybody Down" (The Erie Canal), by Thomas S. Allen (1905) (1999 Ó Houghton Mifflin Co.) http://www.eduplace.com/ss/hmss/8/unit/act4.1.2.html

¯**No. 36: The Erie Canal, by John H. Lienhard (University of Houston. Engines of Our Ingenuity) http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi36.htm**

A short, great account for a true appreciation of the extent of the nature and engineering wonder that was wrought across New York State, which played a major role in the westward movement in U.S. history. Includes clickable audio version.

New York State Canal’s History (NYCanal.com) http://www.nycanal.com/nycanalhistory.html

Chautauqua, NY -- History

Chautauqua County, New York (Chautauqua County Government. General Information. County Overview) http://www.co.chautauqua.ny.us/general/overview.htm

History and Archives (Chatauqua Institution. About Chatauqua) http://www.ciweb.org/history.html

Tour Chautauqua, New York (Chautauqua County. Visitors Bureau) http://www.tourchautauqua.com/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=listcats&cat_id=54&Itemid=150

McClurg Museum, Westfield, NY (The Museum) http://www.mcclurgmuseum.org/

Civil War, 1861-1865

¯The State of New York and the Civil War (NYCivilWar.us)

A nice introduction to the subject. Contains articles and links throughout, to specific aspects of NYS involvement in the war, cemetery listings, photos, letters, primary and secondary material, events, current issues, new books, and more. See also its related Links, under 3 general headings: General Interest, Regiments/Units, and National Military Parks. Also includes related meeting notices and upcoming History Channel programs on the Civil War. One interesting tidbit, quoting General John Robinson (on whom there is an article) is that 5 of the 6 Union generals who's divisions fought at the first day of Gettysburg, all hailed from NYS. You'll find material here on a famous Confederate from Windsor, NY, on women in the war, medals, monuments, & battlefield preservation, among a rich mix of topics.

Civil War Round Tables in New York State (Morrisville State College. Libraries) http://library.morrisville.edu/local_history/sites/cwrt/

Fourteenth Brooklyn Society (The Society) http://www.fourteenthbrooklynsociety.org/history.htm

The 14th Brooklyn was a zouave regiment, with a distinguished service history, 1861-64, in the Army of the Potomac, mustered into Federal service as the 84th NY Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

The 1863 Draft Riots (Mr. Lincoln and New York) http://www.mrlincolnandnewyork.org/inside.asp?ID=91&subjectID=4

Includes a short, general account and color map of the areas of Manhattan most heavily affected

¯New York (The Civil War Archive. Union Regimental Index) http://www.civilwararchive.com/unionny.htm

Clickable links to individual numbered or named regiments, or batteries, grouped by infantry, cavalry, engineers, or artillery. A good starting place for genealogists.

New York Civil War Regiments Online (Morrisville State College. Library) http://library.morrisville.edu/local_history/sites/ny_reg/

Limited to those regiments or their companies for which there is an active online presence.

Index of New York Images in Regimental Histories and Other Sources, Arranged by Unit Designation, maintained by Sue Greenhagen (Morrisville State College. Libraries) http://library.morrisville.edu/local_history/sites/reg_pics/

Indexed numerically, grouped under infantry, cavalry, then artillery

New York (Bits of Blue and Gray) http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/new_york.htm

Partial list of regimental nicknames. Many of the regiments acquired several. Here, it's one per customer, grouped under infantry and cavalry. New York in the War of the Rebellion, 7 vols., is a good source for additional nicknames.

New York City Draft Riots (July 11-13, 1863) (Shotgun's Home of the Civil War) http://www.civilwarhome.com/draftriots.htm

Includes Official Records reports by participants in putting the riots.

¯New York Civil War Units (New York State. Division of Military and Naval Affairs. Military Museum and Veterans' Research Center. New York State History Project) http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/reghist/civil/civil_index.htm

Click on a military unit-type: Artillery (1st-36th, plus 3 named units), Cavalry (1st-26th, + 1 named unit), Infantry (1st-194th, + 1 named unit), Other (Engineers, Sharpshooters), Brigades (6 named units), Prisoners & Prisons, U.S. Colored Troops (1st-6th Cavalry, 1st-14th light or heavy Artillery, 1st-128th Infantry + 2 out of state regiments), and Uncompleted & Unaccepted Organizations. Be sure to see the Resources section, which includes: (a) a user friendly version of Charles E. Dornbusch's classic, The Communities of New York and the Civil War : The Recruiting Areas of the New York Civil War Regiments, clickable by county, with a city index, as well; (b) New York Civil War Newspaper Clippings Files (clickable by unit type, then by specific unit, for which there are clippings, the text of which has been transcribed); (c) New York Militia Laws During the Civil War (1862 only); (d) an overview of Military Affairs in New York, 1861-1865; (e) Nicknames and Synonyms f or New York State Units ; (f) Union Blue and Militia Gray: The Role of the New York State Militia in the Civil War, by Gustav Person, full-text, in 6 chapters, 5 appendices, 2 maps, and a bibliography, each clickable; (g) Civil War Battle Summaries (only 2 battles, so far, though NYS troops fought in most major battles of both the Eastern and Western Theaters of the war, as well as at sea, and in amphibious operations; (h) Volunteer Organization of the State and New York State Militia / New York National Guard (a short article, from Frederick Pfisterer's classic, New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed., 7 vols. Albany, NY: J.B. Lyon Co., State Printer, 1912.); (i) Black Americans in the U.S. Military: Civil War. There is also a Links section to 2 searchable Civil War genealogical databases, one from theNYS Archives, the other from the U.S. National Park Service. In short, this is a website is highly recommended.

New York State's Civil War "U.S. Colored Troops": Organized, Trained on Rikers & Hart Islands (New York Correction History Society) http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/usct01.html

Perry's Saints, Or the Fighting Parson's Regiment in the War of the Rebellion, by James M. Nichols. Boston: D. Lothrop and Co.; Electrotyped by C.J. Peters and Son, 1886, repr. 2004 (General Atomic) http://www.generalatomic.com/PerrysSaints/index.html

22 clickable full-text chapters. Searchable.

Red Legged Devils [motion picture], by Charlie M. Spickler, writer & director (C Squared Pictures) http://www.redleggeddevils.com/RLD-TRAILER-PAGE.html

Movie based on the record of the 84th New York (14th Brooklyn) Vol. Infantry Regiment in the Civil War.

67th New York (The Fist Long Island Volunteers) http://www.newyorkcivilwar.com/

Also contains links to the Mifflin Guard, 61st NY Vol. Infantry, 119th NY Vol. Infantry, and 52nd NY Vol. Infantry Regiments (re-enactors, historical information included).

76th New York State Volunteers, "The Cortland Regiment" (Brown & Michaels, PC) http://www.bpmlegal.com/76NY/

Colonial Period, ca. 1600-1775

¯Bowne House Historical Society (The Society) http://www.bownehouse.org/

John Bowne, 1627-1695, is best-known for his defiance of Pieter Stuyvesant's edict establishing the Dutch Reformed Church in New Netherlands colony. Along with the protest resulting in the Flushing Remonstrance, he permitted his house to be used for a Quaker meeting, was arrested, and sent to Holland, where his successful legal defense of the principle of religious freedom of worship, established the precedent for not only New Netherlands but what would eventually become New York colony and State, as well as setting a principle for the United States.

¯Bowne House Courtesy Page (S. Berliner, III) http://home.att.net/~Berliner-Ultrasonics/bownehse.html

A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland (University of Notre Dame. Libraries. Department of Special Collections. Coin and Currency Collection) http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/NNHistory.html

Includes sections on Wampum, The Beaver Pelt, and Commodity Money.

Conflict and Commerce: The Rise and Fall of New Netherland, by Simon Middleton, Lecturer in History, University of Sheffield (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. History Now. The Historian's Perspective) http://www.historynow.org/06_2007/historian6.html

Considering Zenger: Partizan Politics and the Legal Profession in Provincial New York, by Eben Moglen (1998 © Eben Moglen) http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/publications/zenger.html

Elizabeth Garlick: "Goody Garlick! Oh! She Torments Me!", by Hugh King & Loretta Orion (Covenant of Rhianon) http://covenantofrhiannon.org/garlick.htm

¯The Empire Strikes Back -- On the East End in 1674, Transcript of a Lecture Delivered by David Shomette on September 12, 1998 (East Hampton Library) http://www.easthamptonlibrary.org/lic/lectures/donaldshomettelecture.htm

This is a little-known account of the Dutch attempted conquest of eastern L.I., based on original research into Dutch, as well as English, documents. It is basically excerpted from the author's excellent book (with Robert D. Haslach) Raid on America: The Dutch Naval Campaign of 1672-1674. University of South Carolina Press, 1988.

Esopus Wars (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esopus_Wars

Dutch-Algonquian conflicts

¯Famous American Trials: John Peter Zenger Trial, 1735 (University of Missouri. Kansas City) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zenger.html

Famous libel trial, in which the criticisms and accusations against the Governor proved true, and the court dropped the charges, establishing a major New York and American precedent for freedom of the press.

Governor Kieft's Personal War, by Walter Giersbach (Military History Online) http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/indianwars/articles/kieftswar.aspx

Huguenot Street, Three Hundred Years of History (Hueguenot Historical Society) http://www.hhs-newpaltz.org/index.html

Money Substitutes in New Netherland and Early New York: The Beaver Pelt (University of Notre Dame. Libraries. Department of Special Collections. Coin and Currency Collection. A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland) http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/NNBeaver.html

¯New Netherlands Project Homepage (New York State. Education Department. New York State Library. New Netherland Institute) http://www.nnp.org/index.shtml

New Amsterdam Becomes New York: The Beginning of English Rule, 1664-1674, by Theodore Roosevelt (Bartleby.com) http://www.bartleby.com/171/4.html

New Netherland Institute (The Institute) http://www.nnp.org/index.shtml

See esp. the site index, maps, chronology, timelines, varieties of publications, discussion group, and various links..

Province of New York, 1664-1777 [color map of disputed borders] (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nycolony.png

Patroon System = Het Systeem van Patroonschappen (U.S. Library of Congress. Global Gateway) http://international.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html

Philipsburg Manor (Historic Hudson Valley) http://www.hudsonvalley.org/content/view/14/44/

¯Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of Flushing to Governor Stuyvesant, December 27, 1527 (Flushing Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends) http://www.nyym.org/flushing/remons.html

The Flushing (Vlissingen) Remonstrance is one of the earliest documents of religious freedom in U.S. colonial history, complimenting the Rhode Island precedent.

Rensselaerswyck (New York State Museum) http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/na/rensselaerswyck.html

Role of the Dutch in the Iroquois Wars, by Peter Lowensteyn (Lowensteyn Family Online) http://www.lowensteyn.com/iroquois/

William Kieft, 1638-1646, Director-General of New Netherland (Jersey City, Past and Present) http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/K_Pages/Kieft_William.htm

The Transition from Dutch to English Rule in New York: A Study in Political Imitation, by Albert E. McKinley (Dinsmore Documentation. Classic of American Colonial History, repr. from the American Historical Review, 6[Jl 1901]: 693-724) http://www.dinsdoc.com/mckinley-1.htm

¯Virtual Tour of New Netherland (New Netherland Institute) http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/map.html

Six clickable regions are presented on a map: Albany, Connecticut River, Delaware River, Hudson River, Long Island, and Manhattan. These take you to clickable regional maps, illustrated regional historical information and local sites. Well worth the trip.

The Witches of Long Island (Brooklyn Genealogy Information Page) http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/LI/WitchesofLongIsland.html

The Whigs of Colonial New York, by Charles H. Levermore (1896) (Dismore Documentation. Classics of American Colonial History) http://www.dinsdoc.com/levermore-1.htm

Witchcraft cases in 17th century New England (other than Salem 1692 executions) (Aol.com. AliceBeard) http://members.aol.com/alicebeard/witch.html

¯The Witchcraft Cases of Hall and Harrison, George Lincoln Burr, ed. (Hanover

Historical Texts Project, drawn from Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-

1706. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1914: 41-52)

http://history.hanover.edu/texts/nyhah.html

These two cases were tried in New York. The Hall case, in 1665, stemming from events in Setauket, NY, shortly after the transition to English from Dutch rule in New-York. The Harrison witchcraft trial of 1670, stemmed from events in Westchester, NY.

Corning, NY -- History

History of Corning (Corning Area Chamber of Commerce) http://www.corningny.com/history1.shtml

A multi-part, chronologically organized, illustrated historical essay. Be sure to look for and click on the large red "Read More", at the bottom of the page.

Corning Museum of Glass (The Museum) http://www.cmog.org/

Corning Museum of Glass at 50 (Journal of Antiques and Collectibles. Feature Gallery) http://www.journalofantiques.com/July01/featureJuly01.htm

Cooperstown, NY -- History

History of the Village of Cooperstown, NY (Village of Cooperstown) http://www.cooperstownny.org/more.php?id=6_0_1_0_C

James Fennimore Cooper Society (The Society) http://external.oneonta.edu/cooper/

National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum) http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/

New York State Historical Association and Farmers Museum (The Association) http://www.nysha.org/about/index.htm

Crown Point, NY

Crown Point State Historic Site (New York State. Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation) http://nysparks.state.ny.us/sites/info.asp?siteID=8

Crown Point (Poite á la Chevelure): An Outline History (America's Historic Lakes) http://www.historiclakes.org/crown_pt/furness.html

Environmental History

Animals, Plants, Aquatic Life (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) http://www.dec.ny.gov/23.html

Beaver -- Castor Canadiaensis (Natureworks) http://www.nhptv.org/Natureworks/beaver.htm

Beaver Returns to New York City After 200 Years, by Daniel Trotta (Reuters News Service, Fe 26, 2007, repr. by Planet Ark) http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/40503/story.htm

A Brief History of the Beaver Trade (University of California at Santa Cruz) http://people.ucsc.edu/~kfeinste/furtrade.html

Includes photos, illustrations, notes, bibliography, and links.

Chemical and Pollution Control (New York State. Department of Environmental Conservation) http://www.dec.ny.gov/25.html

Federally Listed & Proposed Endangered & Threatened Species in New York State (Sierra Club. Rochester Regional Group) http://newyork.sierraclub.org/rochester/threatened_species.htm

A classified list.

¯Environmental Affairs in New York State: An Historical Overview, by Brad Edmonson (New York State Archives) http://www.archives.nysed.gov/a/research/res_topics_env_hist.shtml

Includes clickable links to (a) an Introduction, (b) Before 1895: Discovering Nature, (c) 1895 to 1970: The Conservation Era, (d) 1970 to 2000: The Environmental Machine, and (e) Endnotes.

Keep Islip Clean (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep_Islip_Clean

Indian Point Energy Center (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham_Nuclear_Power_Plant

Love Canal (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Canal

Mammals (New York State. Department of Environmental Conservation) http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/263.html

Links to information on the River Otter, Allegany Wood Rat, Black Bear, Bobcat, Canada Lynx, Coyote, Easter Cougar, Furbearers, Gray Wolf, Indiana Bat, Moose,Whales, White-tailed Deer, and to a poster. Furbearers is a generic term for 16 mammals that were historically hunted for the sale and resale value of their furs, among which are the Beaver, to the Bobcat, Coyote, Fisher, Otter, Mink, Raccoon, Red Fox, Striped Skunk, Weasel. The latter had a major role in the European settlement of New York State, and in commercial rivalries and warfare among the Dutch, French, Iroquois, Algonquian tribes, and English.

Mobro 4000 (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobro_4000

Also known as the Islip Town garbage barge of 1987

National Priorities List Sites in New York State (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Priorities List) http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/ny.htm

Statewide map of Superfund sites, and listed by county.

New York Nuclear Industry (U.S. Energy Information Administration) http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/states/statesny.html

River Otter History in New York State (New York State. Department of Environmental Conservation) http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/9372.html

Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham_Nuclear_Power_Plant

Wasting Away: Superfund's Toxic Legacy (The Center for Public Integrity) http://www.publicintegrity.org/Superfund/

Elmira, NY -- History

Eileen Collins: Elmira's Space Hero (City of Elmira. Pages in the History of Elmira) http://www.ci.elmira.ny.us/history/eileen_collins.html

'Elmira: Nearer to Hell than any Place Could Thought to Be' (New York Correction History Society. Portals to Hell: Military Prisons of the Civil War Excerpts, Page 6) http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/cw_pows/html/cwpows6.html

¯Hal Roach: Director and Producer (City of Elmira. Pages in the History of Elmira) http://www.ci.elmira.ny.us/history/hal_roach.html

¯Mark Twain: Legendary Storyteller (City of Elmira. Pages in the History of Elmira) http://www.ci.elmira.ny.us/history/mark_twain.html

¯Pages in the History of Elmira (City of Elmira) http://www.ci.elmira.ny.us/history/index.html

Includes a number of links to people, places, and events associated with Elmira and its environs. The city was a major stop-over of the Canada-bound Underground Railroad, was home to both a notorious Civil War prison camp and to ex-Confederate Samuel Clemens (i.e., Mark Twain). At nearby Newtown, the key battle of the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign of 1779 against the Iroquois took place, a watershed in Iroquois and NYS history. The site rewards perusal.

Famous New Yorkers

Famous New Yorkers (50 States.com) http://www.50states.com/bio/newyork.htm

List of Famous New Yorkers [i.e., New York City] (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famous_New_Yorkers

Fort Hamilton-- History

Fort Hamilton Timeline (Harbor Defense Museum) http://www.harbordefensemuseum.com/

Fort Hamilton: The Army's Ambassador to New York City (Fort Hamilton) http://www.hamilton.army.mil/

French & Indian / Seven Years' War, 1754-1763

1755: The French and Indian War Webpage, by Larry Roux (Larry Roux) http://web.syr.edu/~laroux/

Chiefly, but not exclusively from the French perspective, includes transcribed documents, and more.

Albany Plan of Union (1754) (Constitution Society) http://www.constitution.org/bcp/albany.htm

The proposal of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson, hammered out at Albany, NY, it offered a plan of union for the 13 colonies, that was rejected, at the time, but became the basis of the Articles of Confederation, during the American Revolution, and U.S. Constitutional republic that followed in 1789-90.

Batteaux and 'Battoe Men': An American Colonial Response to the Problem of Logistics in Mountain Warfare, by Joseph F. Meany, Jr., Ph.D., Senior Historian, New York State Museum (New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center) http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/articles/bateau.htm

Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham

Battle of Sainte-Foy (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sainte-Foy

Capitulation of Montreal, 1760 (Canadian Encyclopedia) http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0010703

"Fort Hunter" and the "Massacre of German Flatts", by Leslie W. Devereaux (U.S. GenWeb. The Town of German Flatts, Herkimer County, NY) http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/gerflats/forthunterhistory.html

Fort William Henry...The Siege and Massacre (Mohican Press.com) http://www.mohicanpress.com/mo08009.html

Fort Ticonderoga Timeline (Fort Ticonderoga.org) http://www.fort-ticonderoga.org/history/timeline1700.htm#1755

French and Indian War (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War

Note clickable list of battles in New-York Province, and the critical strategic role of New-York colony in the war.

French Attack on the German Flatts, by Jack Peltier (U.S. GenWeb. The Town of German Flatts, Herkimer County, NY) http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/gerflats/gerflatsattacks.html

Frigid Fury: The Battle on Snowshoes, March 1758 (New York State. Division of Military and Naval Affairs. State Military Museum) http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/articles/snowshoe.htm

Historic Old Fort Johnson, 1749-1762 http://www.oldfortjohnson.org/

Manse of Sir William Johnson, Britain's eminently successful agent to the Iroquois.. Has some fine links to map and French & Indian War commemorative sites, often in New York State.

Le Marquis de Montcalm...Lac du St. Sacrement (Mohican Press.com) http://www.mohicanpress.com/mo08005.html

Continued by a second segment that takes him to victory at Ft. Carillon (Ticonderoga), and defeat and death at the Plains of Abraham, before the city of Quebec. In English, with an occasional quote en Français.

The March of History: Campaign of 1760 (Parks Canada. Fort Lennox National Historic Site of Canada. Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures) http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/lennox/natcul/natcul2b_e.asp

Siege of Quebec, 25June-18 September, 1759 (History of War.org) http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_quebec.html

Scalping During the French & Indian War, by George A. Bray, III. (Archives of Early America) http://earlyamerica.com/review/1998/scalping.html

Wyoming Valley Massacre of 1757 (Smitty’s Genealogy) http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/2822/massacre.html

In 5 clickable parts.

Genealogy -- New York (State)

Census Records of New Netherland / New York, created by Lorine McGinnis Schulze (Olive Tree Genealogy) http://olivetreegenealogy.com/nn/census/

Scroll down and look in the center of the page

New York Black Sheep Ancestors (Black Sheep Ancestors.com) http://www.blacksheepancestors.com/usa/new_york.shtml

Where to look for records of the nefarious.

NYGenWeb: Your Gateway to New York Genealogy and History (Rootsweb.com) http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenweb/

U.S. -- New York (Cyndi's List) http://www.cyndislist.com/ny.htm

Governors

¯New York State Governors (RootsWeb.com) http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenweb/governors.htm

DeWitt Clinton (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton

George Clinton (1739-1812) (U.S. Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000527

George Clinton (Vice President) (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)

Governor Thomas Dewey (Internet Accuracy Project) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt's_terms_as_Governor_of_New_York

Franklin D. Roosevelt's Terms as Governor of New York (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt's_terms_as_Governor_of_New_York

Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service) http://www.nps.gov/thri/

Thomas E. Dewey (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dewey

Hamilton, Alexander

¯Alexander Hamilton on the Web (Tim Spalding, Portland, ME) http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/hamilton/

Historic Invasion Route

¯America's Historic Lakes: The Lake Champlain and Lake George Historical Site

Magnificent site, well worth exploring, with many useful and interesting links.

¯Fort Ticonderoga National Historic Landmark (U.S. Interior Dept. National Park Service)

Also known as Ft. Carillon, under French rule, the fort figured prominently in the Anglo-French colonial wars, most notably in the French & Indian War, as well as in the American Revolution. One of the key positions along the Albany-Montreal Invasion Route.

Hudson River Valley

Hudson River Valley Institute (Marist College) http://www.hudsonrivervalley.net/

Hudson River Maritime Museum (The Museum) http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/museum/exhibits.htm

Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area (Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Program) http://www.hudsonrivervalley.com/

Hudson Valley Museums and Historic Sites (hudsonriver.com) http://www.hudsonriver.com/museums.htm

Hudson River School

¯Index of Hudson River School Painters (Desmond-Fish Library) http://dfl.highlands.com/DFL_Painters/Index.html

Huguenot History

Family Associations (Huguenot Historical Society) http://www.hhs-newpaltz.org/early_families/family_associations.html

Links to 11 family associations are listed here. [Renewal of religious warfare in France, following Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and heavy pressure by French Catholic armies, led many French Protestant families under heavy pressure and siege, to seek safer havens, elsewhere. Many fled the new world. New-Netherlands, later, New-York colony became a popular refuge, Huguenots established early strong presences on Long Island, Manhattan, in the Hudson Valley, and later, elsewhere.]

Huguenot Historical Society (The Society) http://www.hhs-newpaltz.org/index.html

Indians

An American Mint, Even Before Coins, by Steve Wick (Newsday, Inc.) http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs203a,0,5519291.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation

Basic Wigwam Construction (NativeTech) http://www.nativetech.org/wigwam/construction.html

Ganondagan’s Bark Longhouse (Ganondagan.org) http://www.ganondagan.org/longhouse.html

Iroquois (Mohawk: Discovering the Valley of the Crystals Ó 2004) http://www.paulkeeslerbooks.com/Chap5Iroquois.html

Iroquois Confederacy and the U.S. Constitution, Micki M. Caskey, Theresa J. Rapida, and Mark Wubbold (Portland State University. Graduate School of Education) http://www.iroquoisdemocracy.pdx.edu/index.htm

Iroquois History (First Nations / First Peoples) http://www.tolatsga.org/iro.html

Iroquois Wars, [comp. & ed. by Bob Fester] (The Illini Confederation: Lords of the Mississippi Valley) http://members.tripod.com/~RFester/iroq.html

Iroquois Wars of the 17th Century (Wisconsin Historical Society) http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-005/

New France and the Iroquois Wars, 1609-1701 (War Museum.ca. War and the Foundation of Canada) http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/chrono/1000iroquois_e.html

New York Indian Tribes (Access Genealogy. Indian Tribal Records) http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/newyork/

[New York State Indian Reservations] http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/ny/ny.html

New York State Indian Tribes (Beaded Lizard Web Designs) http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/ny/ny.html

Directory of present-day federal and/or state-recognized tribes

The Role of the Dutch in the Iroquois Wars, by Peter Lowensteyn (Lowensteyn.com) http://www.lowensteyn.com/iroquois/

Includes links to two additional series of articles divided into the Dutch and Native Americans in the Hudson Rive Valley.

The Six Nations: Oldest Living Participatory Democracy on Earth, by John Kahionhes Fadden (Rat Haus Realty) http://www.ratical.org/rat_haus.html

Tuscarora War (Global Security.org) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/tuscarora.htm

Warfare and Defense of Community (Milwaukee Public Museum) http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-35.html

Woven Wampum Beadwork: Wampum History and Background (NativeTech.org) http://www.nativetech.org/wampum/wamphist.htm

Jay, John

Chisholm vs. Georgia (Answers.com. U.S. Supreme Court) http://www.answers.com/topic/chisholm-v-georgia

Amendment XI to the U.S. Constitution (Answers.com. U.S. Supreme Court) http://www.answers.com/topic/amendment-xi-to-the-u-s-constitution?cat=biz-fin

The Federalist Papers: A Convention, A Constitution, and the Debates in New York (leftjustified.com) http://www.leftjustified.com/leftjust/lib/sc/ht/fed/index.html

Papers 2-5 and 64 were penned by John Jay, This site contains transcriptions of the full text of each of the numbered Federalist Papers, which not only played a major role in influencing a divided New York to ratify the U.S. Constitution, but influenced opinion nationally, as well. The main authors were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.

Friends of John Jay Homestead (The Friends) http://www.johnjayhomestead.org/

Mainly color photos of the house and outbuildings, with brief narrative information.

The Original Jay Treaty [facsimile] (Early America.com) http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/1.html

Jay's Treaty (U.S. Library of Congress. Collection Guides & Bibliographies. Primary Documents in American History) http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/jay.html

John Jay, 1789-1795 (The Supreme Court Historical Society. History of the Court. Timeline of the Justices) http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/001.html

Statue of Liberty

³Burr, Aaron